שבות תחום מצוות עשה שזמן גרמא סמיכה תקיעה, שברים, תרועה. The אי ור of performing any מלאכה on Rosh HaShanah שופר in preparation of the
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1 A B C בס"ד Intro מסכת ראש השנה of דף לג learn בע"ה Today we will Some of the topics we will learn about today include: A discussion regarding the איסור of performing any forbidden for Rosh שופר on Yom Tov in the preparation of the מלאכה HaShana. A discussion of the Shofar blasts that are blown on Rosh HaShana, how many are required, how long each one must be, and a discussion of the three sounds Torah. and where we learn them from the,תקיעה שברים תרועה Some of the key topics and concepts that we will learn about include: שבות Refers to actions that the Chachamim prohibited on Shabbos, based on the Pasuk; וביום השביעי תשבות תחום A person is only allowed to walk on Shabbos a distance of 2000 Amos outside the city limits. If one wants to walk beyond that distance on Shabbos, they must make an Eruv Techumin, by placing two meals worth of food, slightly less than 2000 Amos from his present location. In this manner the person can walk an additional 2000 Amos past the Eruv. מצוות עשה שזמן גרמא Women are generally exempt from positive Mitzvos linked to time Mitzvos which must be performed on a specific day, or a specific time of the day. סמיכה Refers to the Mitzvah for a person to press his hands with all his might on the head of his sacrifice before it is slaughtered, as וסמך ידו על ראש קרבנו Torah, stated in the There is an Halachic distinction of a minor who has reached the age of Chinuch, which according to Rashi is about 9 or 10 years of age. A minor in this category must be initiated and trained in performing Mitzvos תקיעה, שברים, תרועה These are three different sounds that make up the mitzva of as to the ספק on Rosh HaShanah. As there is a תקיעת שופר proper sound of,תרועה whether it is a,שברים three longer sounds, or,תרועה nine shorter sounds, we blow each type on Rosh HaShana, as well as the שברים תרועה together. The Gemara learns out further, that each תרועה must be sandwiched between a תקיעה before and after it, to make up the complete set of shofar blasts, as we do to this very day. A B C The אי ור of performing any מלאכה on Rosh HaShanah שופר in preparation of the Blowing the Shofar on Rosh HaShanah How many are required How long each one must be and the three sounds of תקיעה שברימ תרועה שבות תחום מצוות עשה שזמן גרמא סמיכה תקיעה, שברים, תרועה Rosh Hashana 33-1
2 1 So let s review.. Our Shiur begins with the Mishnah at the end of Amud Bais of the previous Daf, which teaches that it is forbidden to perform any,מלאכה even an איסור דרבנן on Yom Tov in order to fulfill the Mitzvah of Shofar: 1,מלאכה It is forbidden to perform any even an דרבננ,אי ור on Yom Tov in order to fulfill the Mitzvah of Shofar. 2 Zugt the Mishnah: שופר של ר"ה אין מעבירין עליו את התחום One is forbidden on Yom Tov to travel beyond the תחום of 2,000 Amos, for the purpose of fulfilling the Mitzva of Shofar - whether to retrieve a Shofar or to listen to Shofar blowing. ואין מפקחין עליו את הגל It is forbidden to remove a pile stones, which are Muktze, in order to retrieve the shofar. לא עולין באילן ולא רוכבין על גבי בהמה ולא שטין על פני המים One may not climb a tree, ride an animal, or travel upon the water, which are all forbidden on Yom Tov. 2 שופר של ראש השנה אין מעבירין עליו את התחום Whether to retrieve a Shofar or to listen to Shofar blowing ואין מפקחין עליו את הגל It is forbidden to remove a pile stones מוקצה which are לא עולין ולא רוכבין ולא שטין על פני המים Travel on the water באילן על גבי בהמה Ride an animal Climb a tree ואין חותכין אותו 3 One may not cut a Shofar from an animal, or cut a detached Shofar to improve it, on Yom Tov בין בדבר שהוא משום שבות ובין בדבר שהוא משום לא תעשה not in a manner in which it would merely be an דרבנן,איסור and.איסור דאורייתא certainly not in a manner in which it would be an The Gemara explains that the reason that מלאכה on Yom Tov is prohibited even for the purpose of preparing a Shofar is because a positive,מצוות עשה - The Mitzva of Shofar is a שופר עשה הוא commandment, ויו"ט עשה ולא תעשה Refraining from work on Yom Tov is both a positive and a negative commandment, ואין עשה דוחה את לא תעשה ועשה A positive Mitzvah does not supersede another Mitzvah which is both a positive and negative Mitzvah together. Also an איסור דרבנן is likewise prohibited based on כל דתקון רבנן כעין דאורייתא תקון AND יש כוח ביד חכמים לעקור דבר מן התורה בשב ואל תעשה 3 בין בדבר שהוא משום שבות דרבנן ואין חותכין אותו One may not cut a Shofar from an animal or cut a detached Shofar to improve it ובין בדבר שהוא משום לא תעשה דאורייתא שופר עשה הוא ויו"ט עשה ולא תעשה ואין עשה דוחה את לא תעשה ועשה איסור דרבנן Also, an is prohibited based on כל דתקון רבנן כעין דאורייתא תקון יש כוח ביד חכמים לעקור דבר מן התורה בשב ואל תעשה Rosh Hashana 33-2
3 4 The Mishnah continues; אבל אם רצה ליתן לתוכו מים או יין יתן However, one may treat the shofar by filling it with liquid on Yom Tov. Rashi explains; ולא אמרינן קא מתקן מנא This is not considered repairing a utensil, because it is usable as is. אין מעכבין את התנוקות מלתקוע אבל מתעסקין עמהן עד שילמדו We need not prevent a small child from blowing a Shofar. In fact, we even encourage the child to blow, to learn the Mitzvah. The Gemara clarifies that מתעסקין בהם עד שילמדו is referring to a A child who has reached the age of Chinuch, which is approximately 9 or 10 years of age, whom we encourage to practice blowing the shofar, even on Shabbos of Rosh Hashanah, and certainly, we do not prevent him from blowing on his own. is referring to a אין מעכבין את התנוקות מלתקוע קטן שלא הגיע לחינוך A younger child, who while we do not encourage him to blow Shofar, but if he does it on his own, we are not obligated to prevent him from doing so. 4 אבל אם רצה ליתן לתוכו מים או יין יתן ולא אמרינן קא מתקן מנא אין מעכבין את התנוקות מלתקוע אבל מתעסקין עמהן עד שילמדו קטן שהגיע קטן שלא הגיע לחינוך In fact, we even encourage the child to blow, to learn the Mitzvah לחינוך 5 The Gemara points out that our Mishnah seems to imply that Shofar. we do prevent women from blowing a,נשים מעכבים Rashi explains; because women are exempt from Shofar based on עשה שהזמן גרמא ;מצוות therefore, their blowing the Shofar on Rosh HaShanah would be a violation of תוסיף,בל the prohibition of adding a Mitzvah to the Torah. Tosfos explains; because blowing a Shofar on Yom Tov is actually an דרבנן,איסור which is only permitted for the purpose of performing the Mitzva of שופר,תקיעת or for the purpose of is not waived for women who are איסור דרבנן However, the.חינוך.מצוה from this פטור 5 הא נשים מעכבין Our Mishnah seems to imply that we do prevent women from blowing Shofar on Rosh Hashana מצוות עשה שהזמן גרמא בל תוסיף תוס' Blowing a Shofar on Yom Tov is an אי ור דרבננ and only permitted for performing the mitzva of חינוכ or תקיעת שופר רש"י Women are excempt form this mitzvah because it is a 6 However the Gemara cites a dissenting opinion: אין מעכבין לא את הנשים ולא את התינוקות מלתקוע ביום טוב Women may in fact blow shofar on Yom Tov. 6 However the Gemara cites a dissenting opinion אין מעכבין לא את הנשים ולא את התינוקות מלתקוע ביום טוב Rosh Hashana 33-3
4 7 The Gemara explains that this is similar to another מחלוקת in a Braisa: holds רבי יהודה בני ישראל סומכין ואין בנות ישראל סומכות.קרבן leaning on a סמיכה Women are forbidden to perform רבי יוסי ורבי שמעון אומרים נשים סומכות רשות While women are not required to perform,סמיכה they may do so if they so desire. The Mishnah concludes: והמתעסק לא יצא והשומע מן המתעסק לא יצא One who was just playing with a Shofar and had no intention of producing a proper sound, but did produce the proper sounds and one who heard these sounds - is not יוצא the Mitzvah. 7 מחלוקת This is similar to another רבי יהודה בני ישראל סומכין ואין בנות ישראל סומכות רבי יוסי ורבי שמעון נשים סומכות רשות והמתעסק לא יצא והשומע מן המתעסק לא יצא Even though he did produce the proper sounds 8 Zugt the Mishna: סדר תקיעות שלש של שלש שלש The Mitzva of Shofar consists of three sets of three blasts. As Rashi explains; the three sets are אחת למלכיות ואחת לזכרונות ואחת לשופרות תקיעה ותרועה ותקיעה לכל אחת ואחת One set for each Brachah, as the Gemara will explain on the next Daf The mishna continues שיעור תקיעה כשלש תרועות But, askes the gemora והתניא שיעור תקיעה כתרועה answers אביי The Braisa is saying that each תקיעה must be the length of one.תרועה The Mishnah although using the word תקיעה in the singular is referring to all three תקיעות being the length of the respective.תרועות three 8 סדר תקיעות שלש של שלש שלש The Mitzva of Shofar consists of three sets of three blasts אחת למלכיות ואחת לזכרונות ואחת לשופרות תקיעה ותרועה ותקיעה לכל אחת ואחת שיעור תקיעה כשלש תרועות אביי והתניא שיעור תקיעה כתרועה Each תקיעה must be תרועה the length of one תקיעות All three being the length of תרועות three 9 The next statement of the Mishnah; שיעור תרועה כשלש יבבות Cannot be reconciled with that of the Braisa; שיעור תרועה כשלשה שברים 9 שיעור תרועה כשלש יבבות והתניא שיעור תרועה כשלשה שברים Rosh Hashana 33-4
5 אמר אביי בהא ודאי פליגי 10 :תרועה The Mishnah and the Braisa disagree in the meaning of The Posuk says; יום תרועה יהיה לכם ומתרגמינן יום יבבא יהא לכון The Targum translates Teruah as,יבבא a form of crying. וכתיב באימיה דסיסרא בעד החלון נשקפה ותיבב אם סיסרא As the Posuk in Sefer Shoftim relates regarding the mother of,סיסרא She looked out the window and cried, when she saw that her wicked son,סיסרא who was the military commander of,כנען did.יעל אשת חבר הקיני not return from battle, as he was killed by 10 אמר אביי בהא ודאי פליגי The Mishnah and the Braisa disagree תרועה in the meaning of the word יומ תרועה יהיה לכמ יומ יבבא יהא לכונ a form of crying וכתיב באימיה ד י רא בעד החלונ נשקפה ותיבב אמ י רא מר סבר גנוחי גנח 11 The Braisa hold that יבבא means moaning, longer sounds, as.שברים what we call ומר סבר ילולי The Mishnah holds that יבבא means crying, shorter sounds, as.תרועה what we call 11 ומר סבר ילולי מר סבר גנוחי גנח Moaning longer sounds שברים what we call Crying shorter sounds, תרועה what we call Rosh Hashana 33-5
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